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The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is an international, clandestine leaderless resistance that engages in illegal direct action in pursuit of animal rights. Activists see themselves as a modern-day Underground Railroad, removing animals from laboratories and farms, destroying facilities, arranging safe houses and veterinary care, and operating sanctuaries where the animals subsequently live.〔For their mission statement, see (ALF mission statement ), accessed June 5, 2010. For more information about their aims, and their view of themselves as an Underground Railroad, see: *Coronado, Rod. ("Reflections on Prison and the Needs of Our Movement" ), ''No Compromise'', Issue 13, accessed June 5, 2010. *("History of the Animal Liberation Movement" ), Animal Liberation Press Office, accessed June 7, 2010. *Best, Steven & Nocella, Anthony J. (eds), ''Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?'', Lantern Books, 2004, p. 91.〕 Critics have classified them as terrorists.〔〔〔 Active in over 40 countries, ALF cells operate clandestinely, consisting of small groups of friends and sometimes just one person, which makes the movement difficult for the authorities to monitor. Robin Webb of the British Animal Liberation Press Office has said: "That is why the ALF cannot be smashed, it cannot be effectively infiltrated, it cannot be stopped. You, each and every one of you: you are the ALF."〔 *For the list of countries, see ("Diary of Actions" ), ''Bite Back'', accessed June 7, 2010. *For the quote from Robin Webb, see ("Staying on Target and Going the Distance: An Interview with U.K. A.L.F. Press Officer Robin Webb" ), ''No Compromise'', Issue 22, undated, accessed June 5, 2010.〕 Activists say the movement is non-violent. According to the ALF's code, any act that furthers the cause of animal liberation, where all reasonable precautions are taken not to harm human or non-human life, may be claimed as an ALF action, including acts of vandalism causing economic damage to their victims. American activist Rod Coronado said in 2006: "One thing that I know that separates us from the people we are constantly accused of being—that is, terrorists, violent criminals—is the fact that we have harmed no one."〔For the ALF code, see Best, Steven & Nocella, Anthony J. (eds), ''Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?'', Lantern Books, 2004, p. 8. *For the quote from Coronado, see Keith, Shannon. ''Behind the Mask: The Story Of The People Who Risk Everything To Save Animals'', 2006.〕 There has nevertheless been widespread criticism that ALF spokespersons and activists have either failed to condemn acts of violence or have themselves engaged in it, either in the name of the ALF or under another banner. The criticism has been accompanied by dissent within the animal rights movement itself about the use of violence, and increasing attention from the police and intelligence communities. In 2002 the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), which monitors extremism in the United States, noted the involvement of the ALF in the Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty campaign, which SPLC identified as using terrorist tactics—though a later SPLC report also noted that they have not killed anyone.〔Blejwas, Andrew; Griggs, Anthony; and Potok, Mark. ("Terror from the Right" ), Southern Poverty Law Center, Summer 2005, accessed June 7, 2010.〕 In 2005 the ALF was included in a United States Department of Homeland Security planning document listing a number of domestic terrorist threats on which the U.S. government expected to focus resources.〔("From Push to Shove" ), Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report, Fall 2002. *Rood, Justin. ("Animal Rights Groups and Ecology Militants Make DHS Terrorist List, Right-Wing Vigilantes Omitted" ), ''Congressional Quarterly'', March 25, 2005.〕 In the UK, ALF actions are regarded as examples of domestic extremism, and are handled by the National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit, set up in 2004 to monitor ALF and other illegal animal rights activity.〔("About NETCU" ) and ("What is domestic extremism?" ), National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit, accessed June 7, 2010.〕〔("Investigation after uni bomb find" ), BBC News, February 27, 2007.〕 ==Origins== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Animal Liberation Front」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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